In 1923, Willis A. Sutton,  Atlanta schools superintendent, called him “the greatest man Atlanta ever produced.”

That man’s name has been immortalized on a school building on Charles Allen Drive. But now, Henry Woodfin Grady is at the center of a debate over the significance of the title “Henry W. Grady High School,” due to his racist ideologies.

Leslie Grant, Grady’s district representative for the Atlanta Board of Education, has heard concerns about the school’s name during most of her tenure in office. The renovation, she explains, is an opportune time to take action.

“As we are heading into a new renovation project, it would be an appropriate time to have that conversation,” said Grant. “There’s been a lot of comments over the years, emails, questions — public and anonymous — wanting us to address the issue.”

From a Southerner editorial that opposed the school name and sparked a city-wide response in 2016, to a Georgia State University movement to remove the Henry W. Grady statue in downtown Atlanta in 2019, to the renaming of Henry W. Grady Middle School in Houston, TX in 2016, the efforts to remove the Grady namesake persist. 

“If we are going to have this conversation, which again has been coming up most of my term in office, it needs to happen now,” Grant continued. “It needs to come out from the community.”

Grant reached out to senior Royce Mann to understand the opinions of the current students. Mann, the student representative on the school’s Governance Team as well as a staff writer for the Southerner, has taken action around the school to raise awareness in favor of the name change.

“After talking with [Grant], I got in touch with some other students, wrote up a petition and started gathering signatures at lunch,” said Mann, who is white. “We have 150, maybe 200 signatures.” There are currently 1,441 students at Grady.

The petition reads, “Our school was named after Henry W. Grady, a Reconstruction-era journalist and speaker who was owner of the Atlanta Journal Constitution. While Grady’s contributions to journalism were significant, his staunchly racist ideology helped cement white supremacy in the southern United States. His legacy should be studied, not celebrated.” This petition incorrectly identifies the name of the newspaper Grady owned. Grady was the part-owner of the Atlanta Herald and part-owner and editor of the Atlanta Constitution. 

STUDENT OPINION

However, the 1,441 students have expressed multiple opinions with varying degrees of support and dissent. From changing the name entirely, to removing the “‘Henry W.,” or adding another person to make a hyphenated name, to leaving the name exactly as it stands, the Grady community is divided.

“I feel like, as a human race, we have come so far; we have overcome racism,” said junior Alexis Washington, who is African American.  “We shouldn’t change it because we are too far along and … that name comes with a reputation. When you hear the word ‘Grady,’ you think [of] types of test scores; so changing the name will [make others] say ‘oh the school that used to be ‘Grady.’ 

Junior Joseph Scott disagrees. 

“We, as a human race, have not come near to getting over racism,” said Scott, who is African American and in favor of changing the name. “I feel like this is just another barrier we need to overcome, and if we have the ability to overcome it, we should, no matter what it comes with because a bunch of test scores is not bigger than racism.”

Other high school sports teams, some colleges and universities and businesses offering employment opportunities are familiar with Grady’s positive reputation. Junior Preston Stanberry wants to leave the word “Grady ” in the name for this reason.

“A name has a lot to do with what people think about you. You say I go to Grady and people know what that is. It’s a well-known and good school,” said Stanberry. “If we can keep just ‘Grady High School’ and not ‘Henry W,’ because it’s the school and not the person, because ‘Grady’ means something different to us.”

Senior Nakiyah Davis brings up Henry W. Grady’s opinion on segregation.

“The fact that he was against integration of schools, I don’t feel like it reflects on our school’s diversity, but we still have his name on our building, and it’s not reflecting good,” said Davis, who is African American.

Sophomore Everett Stubin, who is white, wants the entire name to be changed.

“I hear the argument that it’s part of our history, but I don’t think we need to commemorate him, and I think it’s really backwards that our school still has his name,” Stubin said. 

Senior A’niyah Davis-Bryant, who is African- American, believes the name of the school does not have much effect on the student population. 

“I don’t think it really matters, because, at the end of the day, you aren’t changing the school,” said Davis-Bryant, who is African American. “If I were to change my name, that doesn’t change who I am as a person. That’s just not what I want to be called anymore. That’s why I feel like it should be majority rules; so, if everyone decides they don’t want to be named after a racist, then we won’t be named after a racist.”

However, the fear of historical erasure is present. 

“I don’t think we should change it at all because there’s a lot of different things with different names that have racist backgrounds,” said Bradley Hamilton, another African-American student. “That would mean we would have to change all of them. It has a racist background to it, but it is just a name. Like my name, Hamilton, has a racist background to it. So, should I change my name?”

Lee Pope, AP United States history teacher, chooses to view the name as an opportunity to examine history.

“As a history teacher, if we take down monuments, then we can’t look at them and say ‘that person was bad,’” Pope said. “There’s another side to this. It’s a monument to how far we have come, that we aren’t like that anymore. I get worried about whitewashing history. Some of the names we need to remember.”

Pope addressed that Henry W. Grady was prominent during Reconstruction, the period following the Civil War, and held the views of the era. 

“Think about Abraham Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, but by our definition, he was a racist, too,” Pope said. “He ran on the platform ‘let’s keep slavery where it is.’ He is considered to be the most progressive white man of the 19th century, and, yet, he was a racist by our modern definition.”

Senior Declan McCarthy agrees. 

“We should not change the name,” said McCarthy, who is white. “I disagree with the reason why people want to change it. In the end, Henry W. Grady was racist, but he was a sort of chill racist at a time where everyone else was super racist. You can find people at the time that weren’t racist, but in the end, the things they did paled in comparison to the things he did as a journalist. You do have to keep in mind how different things were.”

Mann says that because Grady held a great amount of power during the 19th century, his views were more significant.

“So many people held those views at the time, but not everybody used their influence to really cement their views into the systems of the South,” Mann said. “He misrepresented the South as being more equal, more inclusive, and more fair, so that then businesses would invest in the South. But in actuality, that’s not how the South was, and he, himself, wasn’t doing anything to make the South more equal and more fair.”

In 2016, The Southerner published an editorial titled “School needs more inclusive namesake.” The article asked for a new name that would “match our name with our goals.” 

Chloe Prendergast was on the editorial board in 2016 and helped write the article. 

“I think that it was and remains the right decision,” said Prendergast, who is white. “I think that when people think of ‘Grady,’ they don’t think of the man. They think of the time and place and people at the school, so it’s an attachment to something that feels void of broader political connotations, even if it’s not, and can never be.”

The 2016 editorial came right after the Houston Independent School District in Texas changed the name of four schools that were named after Confederate Army figures and their family members. Henry Grady Middle School, Richard Dowling Middle School, Lee High School and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Middle School were all renamed. 

ALUMNI OPINION

Alumni opinions of the name change are varied. Some strongly oppose; some are completely in favor, but many fall somewhere in between, unsure of what to do.

Former student, Pierce Huff ,‘87, who is African American, was the student body co-president and Editor-in-Chief of the Southerner.

“At the end of the day, it doesn’t matter what the school is named,” Huff said. “The school is a family. It’s a brotherhood and a sisterhood. I am torn. I can see why people want to change the name, but I can also see that it’s a tradition.”

Huff continued by noting the environment of the building. 

“If you are changing names of buildings in the south, then you’ll be changing the names every day of the week,” Huff said.

Some former students are against the renaming. Tom Dell, ‘63, who is white and graduated from Grady a year after it was integrated and has recently served on the board of the Grady Foundation, opposes the name change but understands the petition’s motivation. 

“It would be hurtful; it’s taking away a little bit of your identity,” Dell said. “But you want to go to a school that would make you feel welcome. I wouldn’t want to walk into ‘Adolf Hitler High School.’”

Dorothy Fierman Carillo, ‘63, also feels as though part of her identity would be taken away and does not believe Grady was an outspoken racist.

“There are so many racists in Georgia that are so much worse,” Carillo said. “I don’t like the fact that the basis of the name change is ‘because he is racist’ because, by that logic, every school would have to be changed: Thomas Jefferson, George Washington. For his time, Henry Grady was a moderate, and if he was alive today, he would not stand in the way of integration.”

However, Carillo understands why some students would want to change and says she would still donate money to the school if it were changed.

“I can understand if you’d like your school to be more representative of today, and I think the hyphenated name is a good idea,” Carillo said. 

A hyphenated name has been proposed by some students using names like Ida B. Wells, an African-American journalist or Frederick Law Olmstead, a local landscape architect who designed Piedmont Park. 

If the name change were to take place, the school would be labeled with its third name in history. Before 1947, two high schools, Boys High and Tech High, were operating in the same building on Charles Allen Drive between 8th and 10th streets and Monroe Drive. In 1947, Boys High and Tech High combined and became Henry W. Grady High School. 

However, after being cemented for 73 years, the current name has generated support. 

“From the 30 or so emails I got from other alumni [in regards to the name change], the ponderous were on the “hell no” side because we have such fond memories of Grady,” Dell said. 

Grady’s yearbook, The Orator, published an endorsement of Henry W. Grady in the high school’s first yearbook in 1948.

“Surely it was such immortals as he that prompted the educational authorities of Atlanta to name the city’s schools so that they would become living monuments to Georgia’s heroes,” reads the yearbook. “In our name, Henry Grady, we received a great heritage and great challenge.”

ABOUT GRADY

Henry Woodfin Grady, who died in 1889 at age 39, was part owner of both the Atlanta Herald and the Atlanta Constitution, where he also served as an editor. He used these newspapers as platforms to express his political beliefs, most prominently his views of white supremacy and his push to bring Northern investors to spark economic growth in Atlanta after the Civil War. 

As a powerful member of the community, Grady became the leader of the Atlanta Ring, a group of pro-industry and white supremacist Democrats who influenced elections for the governor and the state Senate.

Grady was an avid proponent for white supremacy. According to the book, “An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy” by Gunnar Myrdal, Grady said “the supremacy of the white race must be maintained forever.” 

“The whites and blacks must walk in separate paths in the South,” Grady said. “This means separate schools, separate churches, separate accommodations everywhere — but equal accommodations where the same money is charged or where the state provides for the citizens.”

However, Grady contradicted these ideas when trying to encourage Northern investors to come to the South. He spoke to the New England Society in New York City on Dec. 21, 1886 in an attempt to encourage Northern investment in Atlanta. Grady opened his speech with a quote about “the New South.”

“’There was a South of slavery and secession — that South is dead. There is a South of union and freedom — that South, thank God, is living, breathing, growing every hour.’ These words, delivered from the immortal lips of Benjamin H. Hill, at Tammany Hall, in 1866, true then and true now, I shall make my text to-night,” Grady said.

Grady then said slavery and agriculture “could neither give nor maintain healthy growth,” and “the new south” presents “a social system compact and closely knitted.”

“As [Atlanta] stands upright, full-statured and equal among the people of the earth, breathing the keen air and looking out upon the expanded horizon, she understands that her emancipation came because, through the inscrutable wisdom of God, her honest purpose was crossed and her brave armies were beaten,” Grady said in his speech.

Grady claimed that African Americans had fair treatment in the South in order to lure Northern businessmen to the region. This pleased investors and sparked economic growth. 

OTHER CONTROVERSIAL NAMESAKES

Grady was praised by the community with namesakes. Due to his advocacy for a public hospital, Grady Memorial Hospital was named after him. Due to his involvement in newspapers, the University of Georgia in Athens, where Grady was born, named the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communications in 1921. 

According to the Atlanta Historical Society, two years after his death, a statue of Grady was erected on Oct. 21, 1891, at Marietta and Forsyth streets in Downtown Atlanta. The base described Grady as a “Journalist,” “Orator” and “Patriot.”

The statue garnered protests from Georgia State University students. The university’s student newspaper, The Signal, published an editorial on Dec. 3, 2019. 

“[Grady] might as well be the poster child for Atlanta’s continued glorification of bygone racist icons,” the editorial read. “[Grady] maintained an overt and revolting desire for the white race to reign supreme.”

Pope, however, acknowledges that times were different and morals of today were rare in the 19th century. 

“Grady was not considered a racist for the time,” Pope said. “Grady brought the World’s Fair and invited African Americans. It was progressive in the 19th century.”

The state government of Georgia has historically protected monuments and references to controversial pasts. Georgia Senate Bill 77 states that “It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation or other entity to mutilate, deface, defile or abuse contemptuously any publicly owned monument, located, erected, constructed, created or maintained on property owned by an agency or the State of Georgia. No officer or agency shall remove or conceal from display any such monument, plaque, marker, or memorial for the purpose of preventing the visible display of the same. A violation of this paragraph shall constitute a misdemeanor.” 

PROCESS OF CHANGING A NAME